Proof that -1 = 1
Step 1: -1 / 1 = 1 / -1 Looks harmless
Step 2: ( -1 / 1 ) 1 / 2 = ( 1 / -1 ) 1 / 2 After taking the square root
Step 3: ( -1 ) 1 / 2 / ( 1 ) 1 / 2 = ( 1 ) 1 / 2 / ( -1 ) 1 / 2 After splitting terms
Step 4: i / 1 = 1 / i After simplifying, using (-1) 1 / 2 = i
Step 5: i = 1 / i
Step 6: -1 = 1 On multiplying by i
Explanation
Step 4 is wrong because ( -1 ) 1 / 2 is i or -i. Note that i 2 = ( - i ) 2 = - 1.
Similarly, ( 1 ) 1 / 2 is 1 or -1.
So step 4 should read (+ or -) i /( (+ or -) 1 ) = (+ or -) 1 / ( (+ or -) i ), which resolves to:
(+ or -) 1 = (+ or -) 1